Introduction and objective:
Hashimoto’s disease, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is a condition that slowly leads to the destruction of the thyroid gland over the years. This inflammation is characterized by the presence of thyroid antibodies, the most important of which are: anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. The aim of this study is analysis of the selected environmental factors which may exert an effect on the development and progression of Hashimoto’s disease.

Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge:
The contribution of environmental factors to the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s disease is estimated at 20–30%.This study discusses the impact of iodine intake, ionizing radiation, vitamin D, some microelements, selected infections, a gluten-free diet, and smoking on the course of Hashimoto’s disease. Excessive iodine intake and exposure to ionizing radiation are the most important factors that may initiate the development of Hashimoto’s disease. Deficiencies in vitamin D, selenium, and zinc promote thyroid autoimmunity, while viral and bacterial infections may influence the development of the disease. The role of a gluten-free diet and smoking in Hashimoto’s disease requires further research.

Summary:
Hashimoto’s disease is a consequence of dysregulation of the immune response, although its pathogenesis has not been fully recognized. Genetic predisposition has the greatest impact on the risk of the disease, followed by environmental factors. Among the latter, excessive iodine intake, ionizing radiation, and deficiencies in vitamin D, selenium, and zinc are of the key importance. Reducing exposure to harmful factors and correcting deficiencies in vitamins and microelements may positively affect the progression of the disease, which emphasizes the importance of environmental prevention.