PRACA POGLĄDOWA
Komar tygrysi (Aedes albopictus) jako potencjalny wektor chorób i zagrożenie dla zdrowia publicznego w Polsce
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre of the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, Poland
2
Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
Autor do korespondencji
Patrycja Wójcicka
Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University in Lublin, Polska
Med Srod. 2023;26(1-2):26-31
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel:
Komar A. albopictus to wektor wielu chorób zakaźnych, który został przeniesiony do wielu krajów europejskich. Z tego powodu niezbędny jest monitoring tego gatunku w Europie, aby kontrolować jego występowanie i nie dopuścić do rozwoju przenoszonych przez niego chorób. Celem pracy była analiza występowania komara A. albopictus w Polsce i Europie na podstawie dostępnych danych literaturowych oraz raportów ECDC. Przeprowadzenie takiej analizy jest istotne, gdyż Aedes albopictus jest wektorem biologicznych czynników zagrażających zdrowiu publicznemu.
Opis stanu wiedzy:
A. albopictus to inwazyjny owad, pochodzący z tropikalnych lasów deszczowych w Azji. Jest wektorem wirusowych gorączek krwotocznych i nicieni Dirofilaria spp. W ciągu ostatnich 30 lat komar rozprzestrzenił się na Europę, Amerykę Północną i Południową oraz Azję. Monitoring tego gatunku prowadzony przez ECDC wykazał jego obecność w ponad 20 krajach europejskich. Owad może przystosować się do umiarkowanych warunków klimatycznych dzięki diapauzie jaj, co może skutkować biernym zasiedlaniem nowych terenów. Ocieplenie klimatu, a konkretnie wzrost średniej rocznej temperatury powietrza a tym samym wytworzenie się optymalnych warunków przeżycia dla A. albopictus, może mieć wpływ na dalsze rozprzestrzenianie się tych inwazyjnych komarów.
Podsumowanie:
Skutkiem globalnej ekspansji A. albopictus w ciągu ostatnich 30 lat jest rosnące zainteresowanie ochroną zdrowia publicznego, działania zapobiegające dalszemu rozprzestrzenianiu się tego gatunku oraz ściślejsze jego monitorowanie. Ponieważ nie ma szczepionek ani leków przeciwko wirusom dengi i chikungunya, głównym chorobom przenoszonym przez A. albopictus, kontrola wektorów pozostaje podstawą zapobiegania i zwalczania tych chorób. Oczekuje się, że geograficzna ekspansja A. albopictus będzie postępować.
Introduction and objective:
The A. albopictus mosquito, commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is a vector of many infectious diseases that have been transferred from south-east Asia to many European countries. For this reason, the monitoring of this species in Europe is necessary to control its occurrence and prevent the development of mosquitoborne diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of the Aedes albopictus mosquito in Poland and Europe as vectors of biological factors threatening public health, based. on available literature data and reports from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), available online.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Aedes albopictus is an invasive insect, native to tropical rainforests in Asia. It is capable of transmitting Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and nematodes Dirofilaria spp. In the last 30 years, the mosquito has been expanding to Europe, North and South America and Asia, and monitoring by the ECDC has shown the presence of mosquitoes in more than 20 European countries. The insect can adapt to moderate climate conditions due to egg diapause, which may result in the passive settlement of new areas. A further consideration is that these invasive mosquitoes can be affected by global warming, the increasing average annual air temperatures, and thus by adjusting optimal survival conditions for A. albopictus.
Summary:
Global expansion of A. albopictus in the last 30 years has caused a growing interest in the protection of public health, measures to prevent its further spread and closer monitoring. Since there are no vaccines or drugs against dengue and chikungunya viruses, the main diseases transmitted by A. albopictus, vector control remains the basis for the prevention and control of these diseases. It is expected that the geographical expansion of A. albopictus will continue.
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