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Czy bakterie jelitowe są kolejnym czynnikiem ryzyka otyłości?
 
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Zakład Immunologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Polska
 
2
Zakład Pielęgniarstwa, Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża, Polska
 
 
Autor do korespondencji
Izabela Korczowska   

Zakład Immunologii Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Aleksandra Fredry 10, 61-701, Poznań, Polska
 
 
Med Srod. 2022;25(1-2):28-33
 
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
DZIEDZINY
STRESZCZENIE
Wprowadzenie i cel:
Otyłość stała się chorobą cywilizacyjną o złożonej etiologii. W Polsce na nadwagę i otyłość choruje już ok. 70% społeczeństwa, a zastosowanie diety niskokalorycznej nie zawsze przyczynia się do redukcji masy ciała. W pracy przedstawiono postęp wiedzy na temat roli mikroflory jelitowej w patogenezie otyłości.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Badania z ostatnich lat pokazują, że to mikroflora jelitowa może mieć potencjalny wpływ na rozwój otyłości. Badanie składu mikrobioty to jeden z najczęściej poodejmowanych zadań badawczych na świecie. Dzięki zastosowaniu badań molekularnych możliwe jest lepsze zrozumienie jej wpływu na zaburzenia odżywiania, a w szczególności pandemię otyłości. Bakterie bytujące w jelicie odgrywają bardzo ważną rolę w syntezie oraz metabolizmie wielu składników odżywczych i metabolitów, m.in. krótkołańcuchowych kwasów tłuszczowych (SCFA), lipidów i kwasów żółciowych, aminokwasów oraz witamin. Wiemy również, że bakterie jelitowe są źródłem lipopolisacharydu (LPS), który indukuje przewlekły stan zapalny oraz że u osób otyłych obserwuje się zwiększone stężenie LPS. Ostatnie badania sugerują, że stan zapalny u osób z nadwagą czy otyłością może wpływać na barierę jelitową, zaburzając ją, i modyfikować skład mikrobiomu.

Podsumowanie:
Mikrobiota naszego przewodu pokarmowego ma olbrzymi wpływ na funkcjonowanie organizmu. Być może już w niedalekiej przyszłości na podstawie badania mikrobioty pacjenta będzie można stopniowo modyfikować skład jego mikroflory jelitowej, a stosowanie celowanej probiotykoterapii będzie wykorzystane w leczeniu otyłości.


Introduction and objective:
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial, and largely preventable civilization disease. Almost 70% of the Polish population are overweight or obese, and the use low-calorie diet does not always contribute to weight loss. This review presents recent advances concerning the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
An increasing number of recent studies indicate that gut microbiota may exert a potential effect on the development of obesity. They play an important role in our health, and mediate host physiology and metabolism. The use of modern molecular biology techniques made it possible to study microorganisms inhabiting the intestines and better understand their impact on human health, especially in obesity. Gut microbiota play a significant role in the synthesis and metabolism of many nutrients and metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipids, bile acids, amino acids, and vitamins. Intestinal microbiota are the source of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responsible for the development of systemic inflammation. Recent studies suggest that inflammatory state in overweight or obesity may damage the intestinal barrier and modify the composition of intestinal microbiota.

Summary:
Understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in the management of weight and health may lead to future revolutionary changes in the treatment of obesity. Based on the result of the examination of patient’s microbiota it will be possible to gradually modify their composition, and use targeted probiotic therapy in the treatment of obesity.

 
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