RESEARCH PAPER
The role of selected dietary and hygiene habits in environmental lead exposure children
1
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii, Wydział Lekarski z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym w Zabrzu,
Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. E. Birkner
2
Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii, Wydział Lekarski z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym w Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach. Kierownik: dr hab. n. med. Natalia Pawlas
3
Euroimmun Polska Sp. z o.o. Wrocław
Corresponding author
Anna Machoń-Grecka
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Wydział Lekarski z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym w Zabrzu Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze tel./fax +48 32 2722318,
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Wydział Lekarski z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym w Zabrzu Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze tel./fax +48 32 2722318,
Med Srod. 2018;21(4):31-38
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
In Silesia region environmental pollution with heavy metals, including lead, it is a major threat to the health problems of its inhabitants, particular in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hygiene and dietary habits on the concentration of lead in the blood of children living in area of the Silesian Voivodeship.
Material and Methods:
The study group was contain 4882 children aged 3–18, which comes from 12 cities. Measurements of blood lead levels in children ofdifferent age groups were conducted in kindergartens and schools, with parental consent. Parents filled out questionnaires about environmental exposure to lead and socio-economic conditions of the family. For the purposes of this study were selected parameters associated with nutrition and hygiene: washing hands before eating, eating fruits and vegetables from their own household, the duration of breastfeeding.
Results:
The habit of washing hands before eating did not significantly affect the concentration of lead in the blood of children, while the intake of fruit and vegetables from own plot was significantly higher in the group of children whose blood lead concentration was in the II, III and IV quartiles (p <0.001) than in the group of children whose blood lead concentration was in the first quartile. This relationship was observed only in girls. Children whose blood lead concentration was in the fourth quartile had significantly shorter breastfeeding period than others, regardless of sex.
Conclusions:
The factors that increase the exposure to lead include eating fruit and vegetables from own plot, while the factors that reduce the risk of lead poisoning include a longer breastfeeding period. The study did not show the protective effect of hand washing on the risk of lead poisoning.
In Silesia region environmental pollution with heavy metals, including lead, it is a major threat to the health problems of its inhabitants, particular in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hygiene and dietary habits on the concentration of lead in the blood of children living in area of the Silesian Voivodeship.
Material and Methods:
The study group was contain 4882 children aged 3–18, which comes from 12 cities. Measurements of blood lead levels in children ofdifferent age groups were conducted in kindergartens and schools, with parental consent. Parents filled out questionnaires about environmental exposure to lead and socio-economic conditions of the family. For the purposes of this study were selected parameters associated with nutrition and hygiene: washing hands before eating, eating fruits and vegetables from their own household, the duration of breastfeeding.
Results:
The habit of washing hands before eating did not significantly affect the concentration of lead in the blood of children, while the intake of fruit and vegetables from own plot was significantly higher in the group of children whose blood lead concentration was in the II, III and IV quartiles (p <0.001) than in the group of children whose blood lead concentration was in the first quartile. This relationship was observed only in girls. Children whose blood lead concentration was in the fourth quartile had significantly shorter breastfeeding period than others, regardless of sex.
Conclusions:
The factors that increase the exposure to lead include eating fruit and vegetables from own plot, while the factors that reduce the risk of lead poisoning include a longer breastfeeding period. The study did not show the protective effect of hand washing on the risk of lead poisoning.
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