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Wprowadzenie i cel:
Coraz więcej sportowców decyduje się na stosowanie restrykcyjnych diet w celu poprawy swojej wydolności fizycznej. Zauważa się wzrastające zainteresowanie dietą ketogeniczną, która polega na ograniczeniu spożycia węglowodanów do wartości poniżej 20 g dziennie. Celem diety jest uzyskanie stanu metabolicznego zwanego ketozą, w wyniku którego wytwarzane są ciała ketonowe, co pozwala na zwiększone wykorzystanie tłuszczów jako źródła energii. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu diety ketogenicznej na wydajność sportową.

Opis stanu wiedzy:
Dieta ketogeniczna nie wpłynęła na poprawę siły mięśni ani wydajności wytrzymałościowej. Odnotowana redukcja masy ciała i tkanki tłuszczowej pozostała bez wpływu na możliwości w zakresie podnoszenia ciężarów. Również maksymalna wydajność aerobowa nie uległa zmianie. Nie zaobserwowano znaczących różnic w wydajności biegowej na dystansie 5 km ani na sprawność fizyczną podczas treningu CrossFit. Dieta ketogeniczna zmniejszyła moc szczytową o 7% i moc średnią o 6% podczas testu Wingate. Całkowity dystans przebiegnięty w teście przerywanej wytrzymałości Yo-Yo był o 15% mniejszy po zastosowaniu diety ketogenicznej.

Podsumowanie:
Analiza badań sugeruje brak jednoznacznych dowodów na korzystny wpływ diety ketogenicznej na wydajność sportową. Choć dieta ta może pomóc w redukcji masy ciała w sportach klasy wagowej, to w sportach wymagających wysokiej intensywności i długotrwałego wysiłku może negatywnie wpływać na wydajność. Nie wykazano, iż zastosowanie diety ketogenicznej prowadzi do istotnej poprawy wyników sportowych.


Introduction and objective:
Restrictive diets are growing in popularity as more athletes attempt to improve their physical performance. One such diet that has recently attracted interest is the ketogenic diet, which drastically restricts carbohydrate intake to fewer than 20g per day. The primary objective of this diet is to induce a metabolic state called ketosis, which results in the production of ketone bodies and allows the body to primarily rely on fat as a source of energy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet on athletic performance.

Brief description of the state of knowledge:
The reported reduction in body weight and body fat remained unaffected by weightlifting performance. Maximal aerobic performance remained unaltered. Running performance over 5 km and endurance during CrossFit training showed no significant differences. During the Wingate test, the ketogenic diet decreased average and peak power by 6% and 7%, respectively. The total distance run in the yo-yo intermittent recovery test was 15% less after the ketogenic diet.

Summary:
According to a review of studies, there is no conclusive evidence that a ketogenic diet improves athletic performance. Despite the fact that this diet can aid in weight loss in weight-class sports, it can have a negative impact on performance in activities requiring high levels of sustained effort. There is no conclusive evidence that following a ketogenic diet leads to significant improvements in athletic performance.

 
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