The human impact on the natural environment and subjugation of all its elements are often accompanied by negative effects of ecological imbalance in nature, transformation of ecosystems, and the extinction of many species originally associated with a particular ecological niche. In Poland strongly transformed areas are industrial districts, while fragments of the original landscape can be found only in a few places in the country. Anthropogenic factors affecting insects are most often chemical contamination of air, water and soil. A fall in the number of light forms of a butterfly dwelling on trees and a rise in the number of its dark forms are a result of air pollution in industrialized areas. Results of anthropogenic pressure can be seen in the decline in the Apollo butterfly population and the extinction of many species of monophagous and oligophagous Curculionoidea beetles. Anthropopressure is also expressed in the spread of species in new areas: the invasion of Europe by the Colorado beetle, ant pharaoh or fall webworm moth. Environmental engineering enables interference in the species composition of the ecosystem in order to achieve the desired effect, introducing completely new species to ecosystems: Australian ladybugs to South America, or African killer bees to Latin America, which are currently spread in North America. But the most important human influence on insects is a decrease in the number of pollinating insects: honeybees and bumblebees. These insects react with increased mortality in contact with plant protection products, particularly pesticides, which results in lower agricultural yields and, if no attempt is made to improve environmental quality, in a catastrophic vision of their scarcity.